Major: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this species. 

	NOT [plants perennial, leaves linear, corolla-tube pubescent externally]
	perennials; NOT [annuals]
	plants with all leaves basal; NOT [plants with stem leaves opposite or whorled]
	leaf-blades prostrate; NOT [leave-blades ascending]
	leaves long-petioled; NOT [leaves short-petioled]
	leaf-blades abruptly narrowed into the petiole; NOT [leaf-blades gradually tapering into the petiole]
	leaf-blades mostly ovate; NOT [leaf-blades mostly lanceolate], NOT [leaves linear to filiform]
	leaves rarely less than 10 mm wide; NOT [leaves rarely over 5 mm wide]
	leaves all entire, or distantly and shallowly toothed; NOT [leaves coarsely toothed to pinnately lobed]
	leaves glabrous to sparsely pubescent; NOT [leaves short-pubescent]
	peduncles and leaves glabrous or hairy, but not silky-pubescent; NOT [peduncles and leaves more or less silky-pubescent]
	peduncle slightly longer than leaves; NOT [peduncle many times longer than leaves]
	filaments inconspicuous; NOT [filaments conspicuous]
	filaments white; NOT [filaments lilac]
	seeds 5-22 to a capsule; NOT [seeds 2-7 to a capsule]

Plantaginaceae: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora  leading to this family. 

	herbs; NOT [shrubs or trees]
	plants green or with some chlorophyll; NOT [plants parasitic or saprophytic, without chlorophyll]
	leaves all basal
	flowers on long spikes; NOT [flowers in heads or in form resembling a head]
	flowers inconspicuous; NOT [flowers brightly colored]
	flowers with two floral rings, but with the petals wholly or partly united forming a tube or bell