Helenium: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this genus. 

	plants NOT annuals
	plants NOT with a woody caudex
	juice watery; NOT [juice milky]
	plants NOT glandular-hairy
	plants NOT heavily scented
	plants with leafy stems; NOT [plants more or less scapose, cauline leaves none, or few and reduced to bracts]
	leaves alternate; NOT [leaves opposite, at least below]
	leaves lanceolate; NOT [leaves linear], NOT [leaves usually pinnatifid with narrow lobes]
	flower heads more than 6 mm across and usually less than 35 mm across
	involucral bracts in one or more series, all more or less the same; NOT [involucral bracts of 2 distinct, dissimilar series]
	involucral bracts decided reflexed or turned backward when mature
	involucre NOT glandular-glutinous, NOT resinous, NOT sticky and gummy
	receptacle naked; NOT [receptacle chaffy or bristly]
	flower heads with florets both tubular and ray
	all florets (both tubular and ray) yellow
	rays conspicuous; NOT [rays 1-6, inconspicuous]
	ray florets pistillate or neuter; NOT [ligulate flowers perfect]
	rays deflexed; NOT [rays erect or spreading]
	rays distinctly 3-lobed; NOT [rays more or less entire]
	stamens united to form a tube around the pistil
	pappus chaffy, or of firm awns, or a crown, or none: NOT [pappus wholly or partly of hairs, sometimes plumose]