Flodmanii:  Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this species.  

	perennial from deep roots; NOT biennial
	plants WITHOUT creeping rootstocks
	plants always with stems
	leaves white woolly beneath; NOT green on both sides when mature
	leaves pale green or gray, somewhat woolly above; leaves NOT [deep green and bristly on upper sides]
	upper surface of leaves NOT scabrous
	occasionally some lower leaves entire margined
	cauline leaves deeply pinnatifid lobed; NOT subentire to shallowly lobed
	leaf lobes generally less than 7 mm wide
	flowering heads overtopping the foliage; NOT exceeded by the foliage
	heads more than 2.5 cm high
	heads less than 5 cm high
	involucres more than 2 cm high
	involucres rarely over 2.5 cm high
	involucres usually more than 12 mm wide
	bracts of involucre progressively longer from outer to inner, NOT more or less equal
	bracts of involucre only slightly, if at all, cobwebby; involucre NOT densely arachnoid
	bracts with spiny tips
	inner bracts of involucre WITHOUT [loose, twisted, and spineless tips]
	outer bracts of involucre glandular; NOT eglandular
	outer bracts of involucre more than 2 mm wide at base
	male and female florets on the same plant or flower head; NOT on separate plants
	corollas deep purple (rarely white); NOT light purple
	achenes up to 5 mm long; NOT more than 5 mm long
	pappus of mature fruit shorter than corolla